Health insurance in Denmark

An important step in ensuring that you have adequate health coverage during your stay in Denmark is to apply for a health insurance card. Obtaining one not only allows you to access quality medical services, but also gives you a sense of security in case of unforeseen health problems. Having this card is a prerequisite for being able to receive public health care on an equal footing with Danish residents. The process of obtaining it is simple, and by ensuring that we have the proper documentation, we can enjoy peace of mind and the certainty that we will receive the necessary medical attention if needed.

Obtaining a yellow health card

In order to access medical services in Denmark, it is recommended that you obtain a yellow card for the duration of your employment contract. In order to apply for this document, it is necessary to have a CPR number and provide proof of settlement of at least one salary earned from work in Denmark.

If you are not a resident of Denmark, but you want to access the health care system there, a special yellow health card will be appropriate, which will be sent to your designated address in your country of origin. With this document, you will be able to use the health system in Denmark on identical terms as Danish citizens, if necessary, without having to be registered in the Danish population register, as is the case with a yellow card sent to a Danish address. The yellow card serves a useful purpose when visiting hospitals, doctors, other medical professionals and pharmacies.

Obtaining a Danish CPR number from the SKAT tax office is the first step in applying for an insurance card. This number is crucial because it allows you to identify yourself in the health system and allows you to continue with the paperwork. Once you have it, you can proceed to apply to Udbetaling Danmark, the institution responsible for issuing insurance cards.

There are two main ways to apply for a yellow card. The first way is to apply online. To do so, fill out an electronic form, enter the required data, and then submit it. Although the issuance of the card itself is free of charge, in case of loss or damage you will need to pay a fee of DKK 220 for the issuance of a new copy. If you meet all the requirements, you will receive your card within 2-3 weeks. If you need to provide additional information or lack eligibility, the relevant information will be mailed to you within 3 weeks of submitting the form.

Alternatively, you can handle the matter in person at the office. To do this, prepare an employment contract and go to the nearest Kommune office. The temporary card can be issued on the spot or mailed to a pre-designated address. In most cases, the card is valid until the end of the employment contract, but it is possible to renew it for a further period to be determined by the Kommune office. Note that the card is different from the standard plastic card issued to Danish citizens and those with a registered address in Denmark.

Note that the procedure for applying for a yellow card may vary depending on what changes have occurred in local regulations and your individual situation. Before you proceed with the application, it is worth checking the latest information and to be absolutely sure that you meet all the requirements set by the relevant authorities.

If you decide to deal with the issue of obtaining a yellow card in person at the office, here are the key steps to take:

I. First, make sure you have all the required documents, such as a CPR (Central Register of Persons) number, a valid ID card, and documents proving legal residence and employment in Denmark.

II. The next step is to visit the local migration office, known as Styrelsen for International Rekruttering og Integration (SIRI), or the municipality (Kommune) to apply on the spot.

III. The application form should be filled out with all relevant information, such as personal information, CPR number, address and details of residence and employment status.

IV. Attach to the application all required documents, which should prove your identity, residence status and employment in Denmark.

V. After completing and signing the form, submit it in person to the office. You can also send it by mail if it was filled out at home.

VI. Wait for a decision from the office. The waiting time is usually several weeks. After a positive decision, you will receive a yellow card that allows you to use public health care in Denmark.

VII. Wait for notification from the office that you can pick up the yellow card in person at a previously selected facility.

During a medical consultation or hospital visit in Denmark, you will need to present your yellow insurance card and your personal CPR number. Lack of a yellow card may result in being charged for such a visit. For those who are covered by the Danish health insurance system, but do not have a yellow card, it is possible to recover medical expenses after completing and submitting the appropriate forms.

The yellow health card, needed to obtain a MitID or NEM ID digital signature, has a maximum validity of 2 years. In some cases, it may be valid for a shorter period, such as until the end of a contract or the end of a calendar year. If you are anxious to renew the card, it should be done at the earliest one month before its expiration. Information about the need to renew the card will be sent to you by e-mail or mail.

Using the EHIC card in Denmark

The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) is an EU document that confirms the right to free health care in EU or EFTA countries other than the country of residence. For foreigners staying in Denmark, it allows access to essential medical services in public health facilities.

A person with an EHIC card has the right to receive Danish medical care in the following situations:
- The treatment must be necessary to be carried out and in no way planned in advance. Its implementation must take place under identical conditions as for citizens of the country in which it takes place.
- However, in a situation where a visit to a doctor requires a fee, the patient is obliged to pay the corresponding amount. The provision of medical services should take place within the country's public health care system.

Who is eligible to apply for an EHIC card:
- Any citizen of the European Union.
- The family of a person insured under Denmark's national health system, including a life partner, spouse and children under 18.
- Non-EU citizens who are legally resident in the European Union and covered by national health insurance.
- Stateless persons.
- Recognized refugees.

Individuals covered by the national health insurance system in Denmark, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland cannot use the EHIC card. The EHIC card is mainly for people traveling to other EU or EFTA member states, where it is valid under the public health system. In order to access health care, residents of these countries must rely on another form of health insurance or another appropriate document.

The EHIC card is issued individually for each person, which means that each family member must apply for a separate copy. It is not possible to obtain one common card for the entire family, even if its members are insured in the same health system. Each card is assigned to a specific person and contains the information necessary to receive health care in other EU and EFTA countries.

The period of validity of the EHIC card depends on the insured person's status and may vary depending on the situation. The card is granted for various terms, tailored to the individual needs of the person for whom it is issued. For pensioners who have reached retirement age, the card is valid for 20 years. On the other hand, those who have not yet reached retirement age and underage Polish citizens are issued a card for 5 years. For adults who receive a pension, are studying, studying, are family members or have their own insurance entitlements, the EHIC card is valid for 18 months. Those who are employed on a contract, receiving benefits or pre-retirement benefits receive the card for three years.

The validity period of the EHIC card, issued by the National Health Service, depends on the insured's status. Therefore, before a planned trip, it is worth verifying whether the current card is still valid. If it turns out that the card has expired, it is necessary to apply for a new copy as soon as possible.

In order to obtain an EHIC card, you need to contact the institution responsible for health insurance, which covers the cost of treatment. The process of obtaining an EHIC card is very simple and involves filling out and submitting the appropriate application. You can do it in person at a branch of the National Health Insurance Fund or use the option of submitting an application online.

Obtaining an EHIC card is free and requires only a few formalities. There are several methods to get the card:
I. You can fill out the form via ePUAP or the Internet Patient Account (IKP), and then pick up the card in person or have it mailed to you.
II. Alternatively, it is possible to download the form from the NFZ website, fill it out and mail it to the NFZ, from where the card will be delivered by mail.
III. Another option is to visit the NFZ branch or its delegation in person, where you can fill out the application directly and receive the card right away.
IV. It is also possible to fill out an electronic application, but this option applies only to EHIC cards intended for work-related trips.

The waiting time for issuing an EHIC card varies depending on the method of application chosen. When the application is submitted in person, the card can be issued almost immediately. On the other hand, when choosing another form of application, the waiting time can extend up to 2 weeks.

In Denmark, an EHIC card held by a non-EU citizen can only be used if it meets one of the following conditions:
- If the person is a family member of an insured person in the European Union.
- If he or she has resident status in one of the Scandinavian countries, such as Finland, Iceland, Norway or Sweden.
- When he or she is considered stateless under the 1954 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons.
- When he or she meets the conditions of a refugee under the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.

Tourists from European Union countries, are entitled to free health care in Denmark on the basis of the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), as long as the local doctor deems the treatment necessary in the context of their condition and planned stay. It is the local doctor who decides what medical services are considered necessary, taking into account the patient's symptoms and needs.

The use of the EHIC card in Denmark carries certain limitations. Keep in mind that some medical services that are free in some EU countries may incur additional costs in Denmark. The National Health Service does not cover these expenses, so it is important to familiarize yourself with local regulations and health care rules. If you have any doubts, it's also a good idea to consult the NFZ to see which services are covered by the EHIC card and what differences there may be in the coverage of medical expenses.

Services not covered by the Blue Health Insurance Card include the following:
- Costs of rescue operations in EU/EFTA countries. In case of high risk, for example during extreme sports, it is advisable to find out in advance how the services provide assistance and to purchase additional insurance that can cover possible costs in case of need.
- The card also does not cover expenses for returning to the country in case of sudden illness or deterioration of health.

In Denmark, the use of the EHIC card provides free healthcare, which includes general, specialized and hospital treatment. However, certain costs must be covered on your own. Costs related to medical return transportation to the country of origin are not reimbursed. Dentures and crowns must be paid for at one time, without reimbursement. For preventive dental treatment, adults can expect a partial reimbursement of 40%, while it is 65% for young people under 26. As for drug reimbursement, adults can only claim reimbursement when annual drug expenses exceed 925 kroner, with reimbursement options of 50%, 75% or 85%. When annual drug expenses are less than 925 kroner, reimbursement is only available for children's drugs, at 60% of the cost.

If you have paid all your medical expenses, you have the option to apply for reimbursement through the public health service. To do so, you should contact the local municipality (kommune) where you currently reside. There you can get detailed information on the procedure for recovering these expenses and reimbursement.

You will need to provide the original receipts, prescriptions and referrals you received to start the reimbursement procedure. You should also provide your EHIC card and provide details such as your IBAN account number and SWIFT/BIC code. If you are unable to file a claim for reimbursement during your stay in Denmark, you still have the option of contacting your insurer once you have returned to your home country.

Putting the EHIC card and travel insurance together, there are several important differences:
- The EHIC card, which is issued free of charge by the National Health Service, is different from travel insurance, which requires you to pay a premium when you buy it. Nevertheless, travel insurance is relatively inexpensive, costing only a few zlotys per day.
- The insurance policy usually provides broader coverage compared to the EHIC card.
- Exclusions of liability, i.e. situations in which the insurer may refuse to cover medical expenses, can be a significant problem.

Danish Særlige Sundhedskort card

In Denmark, people who have a CPR number and a local address, but live in another country, receive a special Health Insurance Card. This card, also known as Særlige sundhedskort (formerly det gule sygesikringsbevis), allows people to receive medical services on the same basis as those registered in Denmark, even though they are not officially registered in Denmark. This document confirms that you have health insurance and provides access to medical services at no extra charge.

Having a særlige sundhedskort card is important for anyone employed in Denmark who is not registered there. Employees working in Denmark who travel to their country of origin at the same time should also apply for this card.

It is worth remembering that the application procedure for the Særlige Sundhedskort card may vary depending on your individual situation and local requirements, which may change over time. However, before you begin your application, it is recommended that you carefully check the latest information and make sure you meet all the required criteria.

Based on the application submitted, Udbetaling Danmark will issue a special insurance card free of charge. Applicants who have a NemID can apply electronically via Digital Post.

To obtain a Særlige Sundhedskort (Special Health Card) in Denmark, follow the steps below:

- Start by gathering all the required documents, which include, but are not limited to, proof of employment in Denmark, a valid identity document and the legal basis for residency.

- Next, you need to get an application form, which you can do through Udbetaling Danmark's website or by visiting their office in person.

- Fill out the form with the necessary details, such as personal information, your CPR (Central Person Register) number and details of your employment or residence status in Denmark.

- Attach to the application all necessary documents proving your identity, residence status and employment in Denmark.

- After completing the form and attaching the documents, submit the application in person at the Udbetaling Danmark office or submit it electronically.

- Wait for a decision after submitting your application. The application process can take up to several weeks.

- Once your application is successful, you will obtain a Danish Særlige Sundhedskort card, which will give you the opportunity to receive Danish health care under the same rules as Danish citizens.

The card is usually sent after a 2-3 week wait. Its validity is a maximum of 2 years.

The særlige sundhedskort card can also be used by seafarers employed on Danish-flagged ships and by family members of employees who are employed and resident in Denmark. In contrast, people who are residents of another EEA country, even though their families work in Denmark, are not eligible for this card.

When a person working in Denmark is registered in the local population registry, their special insurance card is exchanged for a standard yellow card, det almindelige gule sundhedskort.

It is necessary to carry this card with you at all times, both digitally on your phone and in paper form. It should be presented at health care facilities, such as family doctors, psychological offices or dental offices.

Eligibility for public health insurance in Denmark (residence, CPR number, and registration with the municipality)

To be covered by the Danish public health insurance system and receive a yellow health card (sundhedskort), you must normally live in Denmark and be registered in the Civil Registration System (CPR). Public health insurance is tax-funded and gives access to a general practitioner (GP), hospital treatment and most primary healthcare services.

Residence and right to stay in Denmark

You are usually eligible for public health insurance if you move to Denmark with the intention of staying for more than 3 months (or more than 6 months if you are a Nordic citizen without formal registration). Your right to stay depends on your nationality and legal basis:

• EU/EEA and Swiss citizens – typically need an EU residence document based on work, self-employment, studies, or sufficient funds and comprehensive health insurance for the initial period.
• Non‑EU/EEA citizens – usually need a valid residence permit (for example as a worker, student, accompanying family member, or under other schemes approved by the Danish Immigration Service or SIRI).
• Nordic citizens – can normally move and register without a residence permit, but still need to register with the municipality to obtain a CPR number and health coverage.

Short stays of up to 3 months (or up to 6 months for Nordic citizens) do not normally give entitlement to Danish public health insurance. In such cases, you should rely on your home country’s coverage, an EHIC card or private travel insurance.

CPR number – the key to health insurance

The CPR number is your Danish civil registration number and is essential for accessing public healthcare. You receive it when you register your address with the local municipality (kommune). Without a CPR number, you cannot obtain the yellow health card, choose a GP or be fully registered in the public health system.

To obtain a CPR number, you usually need to present:

• a valid passport or national ID card
• proof of your legal basis for residence (for example residence permit, EU registration certificate or Nordic documentation)
• a signed rental contract or other proof of address in Denmark

Once your CPR registration is approved, you are assigned a personal number and entered into the national registers used by hospitals, GPs, tax authorities and other public institutions.

Registration with the municipality and choosing a GP

Public health insurance only starts when you are registered with your municipality of residence. Registration is usually done online via the national self‑service platform or in person at the citizen service centre (Borgerservice). During registration, you must choose a GP (family doctor) within your municipality, provided that the practice has open patient lists.

After registration, the municipality issues your yellow health card and sends it to your registered address. Processing times vary between municipalities but are typically up to a few weeks. Coverage under the public health insurance normally starts from the date you are registered in the CPR, not from the date you physically receive the card.

Who is covered as a resident?

The following groups are typically entitled to Danish public health insurance once they have a CPR number and are registered with a municipality:

• employees working in Denmark and paying Danish tax
• self‑employed persons with business activities in Denmark
• EU/EEA posted workers who are considered socially insured in Denmark under EU coordination rules
• students with a residence permit or EU right of residence for studies and a registered address in Denmark
• family members who move to Denmark under family reunification or as accompanying family of workers and students
• children registered as residents in Denmark, regardless of nationality

Coverage is normally linked to your actual residence in Denmark. If you move away from Denmark or are no longer considered resident under Danish rules, your entitlement to public health insurance will usually end, and your yellow card will no longer be valid.

Waiting periods and gaps in coverage

In most cases, health insurance coverage begins from the date you are registered in the CPR and with the municipality. However, some non‑EU residents may face a waiting period before full coverage starts, depending on the type of residence permit and any applicable international agreements. During such a waiting period, you may need private health insurance or travel insurance to cover treatment in Denmark.

If you move to Denmark from another EU/EEA country, you may be asked to provide an S1 form or other documentation from your previous country of insurance to avoid gaps in coverage and ensure correct coordination between systems.

Temporary stays and visitors without residence

Tourists, short‑term visitors and some posted workers who remain insured in another EU/EEA country are not normally registered as residents in Denmark and therefore do not receive a CPR number or yellow card. Instead, they may be entitled to medically necessary treatment during their stay through an EHIC card or a special arrangement between Denmark and their home country. Visitors from outside the EU/EEA should usually rely on private travel health insurance for the entire stay.

Financing and what “public” health insurance means

Danish public health insurance is financed through general taxation rather than separate health insurance premiums. Once you are registered as a resident with a CPR number, you do not pay an additional health insurance contribution. Most services from your GP, public hospitals and emergency care are free at the point of use, while some services such as dental care for adults, physiotherapy and certain medicines require co‑payments or partial reimbursement.

Health insurance for employees, self-employed, and posted workers in Denmark

Employees, self-employed persons and posted workers in Denmark are usually covered by the Danish public health insurance scheme once they are considered residents and have obtained a CPR number and a yellow health card. However, the way you qualify for coverage, and the gaps you may need to close with private insurance, differ depending on your work situation.

Employees working in Denmark

If you are employed by a Danish company and live in Denmark, you are normally covered by the Danish public health insurance from the date you register your address with the municipality and receive your CPR number. There are no separate health insurance contributions: coverage is financed through Danish income tax and labour market contributions (AM-bidrag of 8% on your gross salary before income tax).

As an employee you are entitled to choose a GP (family doctor) under group 1 or group 2 health insurance, receive free treatment at public hospitals, and access most primary healthcare services free of charge at the point of use. Your employer does not pay a specific health insurance premium for you, but many employers offer additional private health insurance as an employee benefit, often covering faster access to specialists, private hospitals, physiotherapy, or psychological counselling.

Self-employed persons in Denmark

Self-employed persons who live and run their business in Denmark are covered by the same public health insurance as employees, provided they are registered as residents and hold a CPR number and yellow health card. There is no separate “self-employed health insurance contribution”. Instead, you finance the system through:

• 8% labour market contribution (AM-bidrag) on your business profit and other earned income
• State and municipal income tax on your taxable income, including business profits

Because public health insurance does not replace income during sickness, many self-employed people take out private insurance for loss of earnings in case of long-term illness. It is also common to buy private health insurance to reduce waiting times for elective surgery or specialist treatment, especially if long absences from work would seriously affect the business.

Posted workers sent to Denmark

Posted workers are employees sent to Denmark for a limited period by an employer based in another country. Your health insurance rights depend on whether you remain covered by the social security system of your home country or switch to the Danish system.

If you are posted from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland and your employer keeps you under your home country’s social security, you will usually receive an A1 certificate and use your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) in Denmark. In this case you are not insured under the Danish public health insurance, and you normally do not pay Danish social security contributions for healthcare. You are entitled to medically necessary healthcare in Denmark on the same terms as residents, but you may not have the same rights to planned treatment or choice of GP as a person insured in Denmark.

Posted workers from countries outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland are often required to be covered either by Danish public health insurance (if they become residents under Danish rules) or by comprehensive private health insurance arranged by the employer. The exact arrangement depends on the length of the posting, the type of work permit, and whether you are considered tax resident in Denmark. For short postings, private health insurance that covers treatment in Denmark is frequently mandatory to obtain or maintain a work and residence permit.

Cross-border situations and coordination

For employees and self-employed persons who live in one country and work in Denmark, EU rules on coordination of social security determine which country’s system you belong to. In most cases you are insured in the country where you work, which means you are covered by Danish public health insurance and pay Danish labour market contributions and income tax on your Danish earnings. You can usually obtain documentation (such as form S1) to access healthcare in your country of residence as well.

Because cross-border and posting situations can be complex, it is important to clarify your status before you start working. Incorrect registration can lead to gaps in health coverage or double payment of contributions. Professional accounting and payroll support can help ensure that your social security affiliation, tax withholding and health insurance rights in Denmark are correctly aligned with your actual work pattern.

Private health insurance in Denmark: when it is useful and what it typically covers

Public healthcare in Denmark is comprehensive and financed through taxes, so most residents do not need private health insurance for basic treatment. However, private health insurance can be useful if you want faster access to specialists, more treatment options, or coverage for services that are not fully paid by the public system.

When private health insurance is useful in Denmark

Private health insurance in Denmark is most commonly used to:

• Reduce waiting times for non-acute operations and specialist consultations, for example orthopaedic surgery, scans or dermatology
• Access private hospitals and clinics instead of using only public hospitals
• Get broader coverage for physiotherapy, chiropractic treatment and psychology than the partial subsidies offered by the public system
• Cover treatment of work-related stress and mental health issues with a psychologist or psychiatrist
• Obtain better coverage for rehabilitation after surgery or injury, including more sessions and faster start of treatment
• Access alternative or supplementary treatments such as acupuncture or reflexology, which are not covered by public health insurance
• Secure coverage while you are in a waiting period for public health insurance (for example shortly after moving to Denmark, if you are not yet entitled to a yellow health card)
• Get extended coverage abroad beyond the European Health Insurance Card and standard travel insurance

Many employees in Denmark receive private health insurance as an employee benefit paid by the employer. In such cases, the value of the insurance is usually treated as taxable income, and the employer reports it to the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen). Self-employed persons and individuals without employer-provided coverage can purchase private policies directly from insurance companies.

What private health insurance typically covers

The exact coverage depends on the insurer and the chosen package, but most private health insurance plans in Denmark include:

• Specialist consultations at private clinics, often without a referral from a public GP
• Diagnostic tests such as MRI, CT and ultrasound scans at private hospitals
• Elective surgery at private hospitals, including orthopaedic, gynaecological and general surgery
• Physiotherapy and chiropractic treatment with a higher number of covered sessions than the public subsidy scheme
• Psychological counselling, for example 5–12 sessions per year, depending on the policy
• Rehabilitation and follow-up treatment after operations or serious illness
• Treatment for work-related stress and burnout, including counselling and therapy
• Second medical opinions from specialists in Denmark or abroad

Some policies also offer:

• Extended coverage abroad for planned treatment or emergencies outside Denmark
• Coverage for alternative treatments such as acupuncture or massage therapy, up to a fixed annual amount
• Access to digital health services such as online consultations and health coaching

Most policies have annual coverage limits for specific types of treatment, for example a maximum amount per year for physiotherapy or psychology. There may also be a waiting period for certain conditions, such as pre-existing illnesses or pregnancy-related treatment, where coverage only starts after a specified number of months with the insurance.

What private health insurance does not replace

Even with private health insurance, you remain covered by the Danish public healthcare system if you are entitled to a yellow health card. Private insurance does not replace:

• Registration with a GP and access to public hospitals for acute and emergency care
• Public coverage for childbirth, maternity care and child healthcare
• Public subsidies for prescription medicines under the Danish reimbursement scheme
• Municipal services such as home care and certain rehabilitation services

Private health insurance also does not usually cover:

• Routine dental care for adults (this is normally paid privately, sometimes with partial public subsidies for specific treatments)
• Cosmetic surgery without medical indication
• Long-term care in nursing homes
• Occupational injuries that are covered by mandatory workers’ compensation schemes

Cost and tax treatment of private health insurance

The price of private health insurance in Denmark depends on your age, health status, level of coverage and whether it is an individual or group policy. For adults, annual premiums commonly range from a few thousand to over ten thousand Danish kroner per year for comprehensive coverage at private hospitals and clinics.

For employees, employer-paid health insurance is usually considered a taxable fringe benefit. The value of the insurance is added to your taxable income and taxed at your personal income tax rates, which in Denmark include municipal tax, state tax and, for higher incomes, top-bracket tax. Self-employed persons can in some cases deduct premiums as a business expense if the insurance is directly related to their business activity, but this depends on the specific policy and tax rules, so individual tax advice is recommended.

How to choose a private health insurance policy in Denmark

When comparing private health insurance options, it is important to look at:

• The scope of coverage (which treatments and how many sessions per year)
• Which private hospitals and clinics are included in the network
• Waiting periods for specific treatments and pre-existing conditions
• Annual coverage limits and any co-payments you must pay yourself
• Whether coverage abroad is included and under what conditions
• How claims are handled and whether direct settlement with providers is available

For many residents, the public system is sufficient for everyday healthcare needs. Private health insurance becomes particularly relevant if you want faster access to elective treatment, broader coverage for rehabilitation and mental health, or additional security in case of illness or injury in Denmark and abroad.

Health insurance options for students and interns in Denmark

Health insurance rules for students and interns in Denmark depend mainly on your nationality, the length of your stay and whether you receive a salary. Understanding these differences is crucial to avoid gaps in coverage and unexpected medical costs.

EU/EEA and Swiss students

If you are an EU/EEA or Swiss citizen and you move to Denmark to study for more than 3 months, you are usually entitled to Danish public health insurance on the same terms as residents. After registering your address with the municipality and obtaining a CPR number, you will receive the yellow health card, which gives you access to a general practitioner (GP), hospital treatment and most public healthcare services free at the point of use.

For study stays shorter than 3 months, you normally remain covered by your home country’s system and should bring a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). The EHIC gives access to medically necessary treatment in Denmark during your temporary stay, but it does not cover private treatment, medical repatriation, or non-urgent planned procedures. For these risks, it is advisable to take out additional private travel or health insurance.

Non-EU students and interns

Non-EU students who are admitted to a Danish educational institution and stay in Denmark for more than 3 months can usually be covered by the public health insurance once they are registered with the municipality and receive a CPR number. Coverage typically starts from the date you are registered in the Civil Registration System, not from the date of arrival, so you should ensure you have private insurance for the period before registration is completed.

If your stay is shorter than 3 months, or if you do not obtain a CPR number, you are not covered by the Danish public system and must rely on private health insurance. Without public coverage, you are expected to pay the full cost of treatment yourself, which can be substantial, especially for hospital care and emergency treatment.

Interns and trainees: paid vs unpaid

Interns and trainees in Denmark can fall under different rules depending on whether they are considered employees:

• Paid interns with an employment contract are usually treated as employees. If they live and work in Denmark and pay Danish tax, they are normally covered by public health insurance once registered with a CPR number and address in Denmark.
• Unpaid interns or trainees who are in Denmark primarily for educational purposes may be treated similarly to students. If they stay more than 3 months and meet residence requirements, they can typically obtain a CPR number and yellow health card. For shorter stays, they must rely on EHIC (for EU/EEA citizens) or private insurance.

In all cases, there can be a waiting period between arrival and the start of public coverage, so comprehensive private insurance is strongly recommended for the entire duration of the stay, especially for non-EU citizens.

Typical private insurance needs for students and interns

Even when you are covered by Danish public health insurance, there are areas where additional private coverage is useful. Many international students and interns choose private policies that include:

• Coverage for the period before receiving the CPR number and yellow card
• Medical repatriation to the home country in case of serious illness or accident
• Coverage for treatment in private clinics and faster access to specialists
• Extended dental care, as adult dental treatment is only partially subsidised in Denmark
• Physiotherapy, psychology and other services that are only partly reimbursed under the public system
• Liability insurance and accident insurance, which are not part of public health coverage

Some Danish universities and internship providers cooperate with specific insurers and may offer recommended packages for international students and trainees. However, you are free to choose any insurer that meets your needs and the visa requirements for your stay.

Visa and residence permit requirements

For non-EU students and interns, valid health insurance is often a condition for obtaining a visa or residence permit. You may be required to document that you have insurance covering you for the entire planned stay, including:

• Emergency medical treatment and hospitalisation
• Acute illness and accidents
• Repatriation to your home country

Even if you expect to be covered by the Danish public system after registration, you should not cancel your private insurance until you have received your CPR number and yellow card and confirmed the start date of your public coverage.

Family members of students and interns

If your spouse, registered partner or children move with you to Denmark, their access to public health insurance depends on their own residence status and length of stay. Family members who receive a residence permit and register with the municipality can usually obtain a CPR number and yellow card and be covered on the same terms as you. For short stays or where no CPR number is issued, private health insurance is essential for each accompanying family member.

Because rules can differ depending on nationality, type of programme and individual circumstances, it is advisable to check your specific situation with your educational institution, internship provider or a professional advisor before arriving in Denmark. This helps ensure continuous health insurance coverage from the first day of your stay.

Health insurance rules for non-EU citizens and short-term visitors

Non-EU citizens and short-term visitors do Denmark are not automatically covered by the Danish public health insurance. In most cases, you must rely on private travel or health insurance for medical expenses until you become a legal resident and receive a CPR number and yellow health card.

Short stays up to 90 days (tourists and business visitors)

If you visit Denmark for up to 90 days on a visa or visa-free stay, you are generally not entitled to treatment under the Danish public health system, except in limited emergency situations. You must have sufficient private travel insurance that covers:

• Emergency medical treatment and hospitalisation
• Medical transport and medical evacuation (repatriation)
• Acute dental treatment and prescribed medicines

For Schengen visa applicants, Danish authorities normally require proof of travel medical insurance with a minimum coverage of EUR 30,000 for the entire Schengen area and for the full duration of the stay. This insurance must cover emergency medical treatment, hospitalisation and repatriation in case of serious illness or death.

Non-EU citizens who become residents in Denmark

When you move to Denmark from outside the EU/EEA and Switzerland and obtain a residence permit that allows you to stay for more than 3 months, you can usually be covered by the Danish public health insurance. To get access, you must:

• Hold a valid residence permit (for example as a worker, accompanying family member, student or researcher)
• Register your address with the local municipality (folkeregister)
• Obtain a CPR number and choose a general practitioner (GP)

Coverage under the public health insurance normally starts from the date you are registered in the Danish Civil Registration System and assigned a CPR number. Until that date, you should have private health or travel insurance to cover any medical expenses.

Non-EU students and interns

Non-EU students and interns who come to Denmark for more than 3 months and obtain a residence permit are usually entitled to public health insurance on the same terms as residents once they receive their CPR number and yellow health card. Before registration, they must rely on private insurance. If the study or internship stay is shorter than 3 months, public coverage does not generally apply, and private insurance is necessary for the entire stay.

Asylum seekers and refugees

Asylum seekers in Denmark do not have a CPR number at the beginning of the asylum process, but they are entitled to necessary healthcare under separate rules. This includes acute treatment, essential medication and healthcare related to serious chronic conditions. Recognised refugees who receive a residence permit and register with a municipality obtain a CPR number and are then covered by the public health insurance on the same basis as other residents.

Emergency treatment for non-EU visitors

Hospitals in Denmark provide necessary emergency treatment regardless of nationality or insurance status. However, if you are not covered by Danish public health insurance or an agreement between Denmark and your home country, you will be charged the full cost of treatment. Emergency care, ambulance transport and hospital stays can be expensive, so comprehensive private insurance is strongly recommended.

Bilateral agreements with non-EU countries

Denmark has limited bilateral social security or healthcare agreements with some non-EU countries. These agreements may give certain groups of visitors or residents access to specific healthcare services on the same terms as Danish residents, usually for a limited period. The exact rights depend on your nationality, length of stay and the type of permit you hold. You should always check the current agreement between Denmark and your home country and obtain written confirmation of what is covered before travelling.

When private health insurance is essential

Non-EU citizens and short-term visitors should consider private insurance in the following situations:

• Tourist or business visit of up to 90 days (no CPR number, no yellow card)
• Waiting period between arrival and registration with the municipality
• Short-term studies, internships or work stays under 3 months
• Family members arriving later than the main permit holder and not yet registered

Private policies can cover GP visits, specialist consultations, hospital treatment, emergency care, repatriation, and sometimes dental care and physiotherapy. Without such insurance, you must pay the full cost of treatment in Denmark.

For non-EU citizens planning to live, work or study in Denmark, careful planning of health insurance before and during the move is crucial to avoid gaps in coverage and unexpected medical expenses.

Dental care, physiotherapy, and other partially subsidised services under Danish health insurance

Under the Danish public health insurance scheme, many services such as visits to your GP and treatment in public hospitals are free at the point of use. However, dental care, physiotherapy and several other services are only partially subsidised. Understanding what is covered, how much you typically pay yourself, and when a referral is required helps you avoid unexpected costs and plan your healthcare budget in Denmark.

Dental care for adults and children

Dental care is not fully covered by the public system for adults, but children and young people benefit from extensive free services.

Children and young people

• Public dental care is free for children and adolescents up to at least 18 years of age when they use the municipal child dental service or a private dentist with a municipal agreement.
• Regular check-ups, preventive treatment, fillings and most orthodontic treatment that is medically necessary are covered.
• Cosmetic treatments and purely aesthetic orthodontics are normally not covered.

Adults (18+)

For adults, the Danish health insurance subsidises a defined list of basic dental services if the dentist has an agreement with the public system. You pay the remaining part yourself directly to the dentist.

• Check-ups and preventive care: Routine examinations, scaling and basic preventive treatment are partly reimbursed. The public subsidy often covers around half of the official fee, and you pay the rest.
• Fillings and root canal treatment: These are also subsidised, but the patient share is higher than for simple check-ups. The exact amount depends on the tooth, the material used and the complexity of the procedure.
• Tooth removal and minor surgery: Simple extractions and some minor surgical procedures receive partial reimbursement; more complex surgery may be referred to a hospital and then be fully covered.
• Prosthetics and cosmetic work: Crowns, bridges, implants, veneers and most purely cosmetic treatments are largely paid out-of-pocket. Public subsidies for these services are limited and often apply only in specific medical situations.

Prices can vary between dentists, even when they are covered by the same reimbursement rules. It is common to request a written estimate for extensive work such as crowns, bridges or implants. Some Danes use private dental insurance or employer-paid dental schemes to reduce their out-of-pocket costs.

Physiotherapy: when it is subsidised and how much you pay

Physiotherapy in Denmark can be fully or partially subsidised, depending on your diagnosis and whether you belong to a special patient group. In most cases you need a referral from your GP to receive public reimbursement.

Standard physiotherapy with a GP referral

• With a valid referral, the public health insurance typically covers around 40–60% of the official fee for standard physiotherapy sessions at a clinic with an agreement with the regions.
• You pay the remaining share yourself directly to the physiotherapist. The exact amount depends on the type and length of the treatment (individual session, group training, home visit, etc.).
• There is no general annual cap on your own payments for standard physiotherapy, so regular treatment can become a noticeable monthly expense.

Physiotherapy for people with severe or chronic conditions

If you have a serious, long-term physical disability or a progressive disease that significantly reduces your functional capacity, you may qualify for special physiotherapy with higher subsidies:

• With a GP referral and confirmation that you meet the criteria, the public system can cover up to 100% of the cost of certain physiotherapy services.
• This usually applies to diagnoses such as severe neurological conditions, advanced arthritis, significant mobility impairments and similar chronic conditions.
• Treatment can take place individually or in groups and often focuses on maintaining function and preventing deterioration rather than cure.

Physiotherapy without a referral

You can always book physiotherapy privately without a referral, but then you pay the full price yourself and receive no public reimbursement. Some private health insurance policies and employer-funded health schemes cover part or all of these costs.

Chiropractors, psychologists and other partially subsidised services

Besides dental care and physiotherapy, several other health services are partly subsidised when certain conditions are met and when the provider has an agreement with the public system.

Chiropractic treatment

• Chiropractic care is subsidised even without a GP referral, as long as the chiropractor is authorised and has a public agreement.
• The public subsidy typically covers a fixed amount per consultation, which often corresponds to roughly 20–30% of the total fee for standard visits.
• You pay the remaining part yourself. Many people combine public reimbursement with private insurance to reduce their own costs.

Psychological treatment

Psychological treatment is not generally free, but there is partial reimbursement in specific situations:

• You must have a GP referral and belong to one of the recognised indication groups, such as moderate depression, certain anxiety disorders, or being a victim of specific traumatic events.
• If you qualify, the public health insurance usually covers around 60% of the official fee for a defined number of sessions with a psychologist who has a public agreement.
• If you do not meet the criteria or choose a psychologist without an agreement, you pay the full price yourself. Many employers and private health insurance plans offer additional coverage for psychological counselling.

Podiatry (chiropody)

• People with diabetes, severe foot deformities or certain circulatory disorders may receive partial reimbursement for treatment by an authorised podiatrist.
• The subsidy is granted on the basis of a GP referral and only when the podiatrist has an agreement with the public system.
• Depending on your diagnosis, the public contribution can be significant, but you will usually still pay a co-payment per visit.

Glasses, contact lenses and hearing aids

Optical aids and hearing devices are only partly covered and mainly for specific groups.

Glasses and contact lenses

• Children and young people can receive public subsidies for glasses or contact lenses when their visual impairment meets defined medical criteria.
• For adults, public support is limited and usually only available in cases of severe visual impairment or special medical needs, often after assessment by an ophthalmologist.
• Most adults pay the full cost of standard glasses and contact lenses themselves, sometimes with help from private insurance or employer benefits.

Hearing aids

• If you are assessed by a public ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist and meet the criteria, you can receive hearing aids free of charge from the public system or with a fixed subsidy if you choose a private provider.
• The public subsidy for private hearing aids is a fixed amount per ear. If the total price is higher, you pay the difference yourself.
• There are minimum time intervals for when you can receive new subsidised hearing aids, unless there is a documented medical need for earlier replacement.

How to check your coverage and plan your costs

Because reimbursement rules and fee levels are detailed and can change, it is important to check your expected co-payments before starting treatment. You can:

• Ask your dentist, physiotherapist or other provider whether they have an agreement with the public system and what your approximate out-of-pocket cost will be.
• Discuss with your GP whether a referral is possible and whether your diagnosis qualifies for higher subsidies.
• Review any private health insurance or employer health scheme you have, as these often cover part of the costs for dental care, physiotherapy, psychology, chiropractic treatment and glasses.

For individuals and businesses alike, understanding which services are only partially subsidised under Danish health insurance is essential for realistic budgeting and for choosing whether additional private coverage is needed while living and working in Denmark.

Prescription medicines and reimbursement schemes in Denmark

In Denmark, most prescription medicines are partly reimbursed through the public health insurance system, but they are not free at the point of use. Reimbursement is granted individually and depends on how much you spend on eligible medicines within a 12‑month period. The system is administered centrally by the Danish Medicines Agency (Lægemiddelstyrelsen), and pharmacies automatically apply the correct reimbursement when you buy your medicine using your CPR number.

Which medicines are reimbursed?

Only medicines that have been approved for reimbursement by the Danish Medicines Agency are subsidised. These are typically prescription-only medicines that are considered necessary and cost‑effective for treating recognised conditions. Over‑the‑counter products, vitamins, most dietary supplements and many non‑prescription painkillers are not reimbursed and must be paid in full.

Some medicines are reimbursed automatically, while others require your doctor to apply for individual reimbursement if your medical situation justifies it. In special cases, your doctor can also apply for single reimbursement for a specific medicine or strength that is not normally subsidised.

How the reimbursement scheme works

Reimbursement is calculated on the basis of your total eligible medicine expenses over a continuous 12‑month period. The more you spend within that period, the higher the reimbursement rate you receive. The scheme uses fixed thresholds that are adjusted periodically, and the pharmacy’s IT system keeps track of your accumulated expenses automatically.

In practice, you pay the full price at the pharmacy, and the public subsidy is deducted immediately at the counter. You only pay your co‑payment (the part not covered by the reimbursement). You do not need to submit any claims yourself.

Standard reimbursement rates for adults

For adults aged 18 and over, the reimbursement is calculated in tiers. Each tier applies to your total eligible medicine expenses within the current 12‑month period, not to a calendar year. The typical structure is:

• Below the first threshold: no reimbursement, you pay 100% of the cost
• Between the first and second threshold: partial reimbursement at a lower rate
• Between the second and third threshold: higher reimbursement rate
• Above the highest threshold: the maximum reimbursement rate applies

The exact thresholds and percentages are set in Danish kroner and are the same nationwide. Once you move into a higher tier, the new rate applies only to the expenses above the previous threshold. Your earlier purchases are not recalculated.

Enhanced reimbursement for children and young people

Children and young people under 18 benefit from more generous reimbursement rules. The same tiered system applies, but the reimbursement percentages are higher than for adults, so parents pay a smaller share of the cost for their children’s prescription medicines. The pharmacy automatically uses the child’s CPR number to apply the correct child rate.

Chronic illness and additional subsidies

People with chronic illnesses who have very high, ongoing medicine expenses can receive extra financial support. If your annual co‑payment for reimbursable medicines exceeds a certain amount, you may qualify for chronic disease reimbursement, which further reduces your out‑of‑pocket costs above that level.

In addition, low‑income pensioners and some other vulnerable groups can apply for supplementary benefits from Udbetaling Danmark or the municipality to help cover medicine expenses that remain after the standard reimbursement.

Reference pricing and choosing cheaper medicines

Denmark uses a reference pricing system for many medicines. The reimbursement is often based on the price of the cheapest generic or parallel‑imported product within the same group of equivalent medicines. If you choose a more expensive brand when a cheaper equivalent is available, you usually pay the price difference yourself on top of your normal co‑payment.

Pharmacies are required to offer you the cheapest reimbursable alternative that contains the same active substance, strength and form, unless your doctor has specifically marked the prescription as “no substitution” for medical reasons.

Special rules for certain medicine groups

Some categories of medicines are subject to special reimbursement rules. Examples include:

• Contraceptives and fertility medicines, which may have specific age or indication‑based rules
• Smoking cessation medicines, which are generally not reimbursed unless covered by a special municipal or workplace scheme
• Vaccines, some of which are fully covered under the Danish vaccination programme, while others must be paid by the patient or employer

For these medicines, your doctor or pharmacist can explain whether reimbursement applies and under which conditions.

Hospital medicines and outpatient treatment

Medicines given during treatment in public hospitals, including outpatient clinics, are normally free for patients and are not part of the individual reimbursement scheme. The region pays for these medicines directly. However, if you receive a prescription to be filled at a community pharmacy after hospital treatment, the usual reimbursement rules and co‑payments apply.

Electronic prescriptions and documentation

All prescriptions in Denmark are stored electronically in a national database linked to your CPR number. This allows any pharmacy in the country to see your current prescriptions, apply the correct reimbursement and track your accumulated medicine expenses for the 12‑month period.

You can log in to your personal health portal (for example, via MitID) to see your prescriptions, previous purchases and how far you are in your current reimbursement period. This is useful if you want to plan larger medicine purchases or check whether you are close to a higher reimbursement tier.

Private health insurance and prescription medicines

Some private health insurance policies and employer‑funded health schemes offer additional coverage for prescription medicines. This may include partial or full reimbursement of your co‑payments under the public scheme, or coverage for medicines that are not publicly reimbursed. The scope of coverage varies widely between insurers, so it is important to check the specific terms and annual limits in your policy.

For anyone living, working or studying in Denmark, understanding how prescription medicine reimbursement works is essential for budgeting healthcare costs and avoiding surprises at the pharmacy. If you are unsure about your entitlement or the reimbursement for a specific medicine, your GP, specialist or local pharmacy can provide individual guidance based on your CPR‑linked records.

Maternity, childbirth, and child healthcare coverage in Denmark

Maternity, childbirth, and child healthcare are broadly covered under the Danish public health insurance scheme for residents with a CPR number and a valid yellow health card. Most services related to pregnancy, birth, and follow-up care for the child are free at the point of use and financed through taxes, provided you are registered with a Danish municipality.

Prenatal care and pregnancy check-ups

Once your pregnancy is confirmed by a doctor, you are entitled to a structured programme of prenatal care. This typically includes:

• Initial consultation with your GP to confirm the pregnancy, assess your health, and refer you to midwife services
• Regular check-ups with a midwife and/or GP throughout the pregnancy, according to a national schedule based on the week of pregnancy and medical needs
• At least two routine ultrasound scans in normal pregnancies, usually an early scan to date the pregnancy and a mid-pregnancy scan to check foetal development
• Additional examinations, tests, or specialist referrals if there are complications or risk factors

All standard prenatal consultations, ultrasounds recommended under the national guidelines, and medically indicated tests are covered by public health insurance. You do not pay user fees for these services when they are provided within the public system.

Choice of hospital and place of birth

In Denmark, childbirth normally takes place in a public hospital maternity ward or a midwife-led unit. Depending on your region and medical situation, you may also be offered:

• Planned home birth with publicly funded midwife assistance, if medically safe
• Birth at a specialised hospital unit in case of high-risk pregnancies

You are usually assigned to a hospital based on your address and regional capacity, but you can often request another hospital if there is availability. Delivery in a public hospital or publicly organised home birth is covered in full by public health insurance for residents. There are no separate hospital fees for a standard birth.

Coverage during childbirth and hospital stay

During labour and delivery, you are entitled to midwife care, necessary medical treatment, and pain relief options recommended by the hospital. Epidural anaesthesia, monitoring, and emergency procedures such as caesarean section are covered when medically indicated.

After childbirth, you and your baby typically stay in the hospital for a short period, depending on the type of delivery, your health, and the baby’s condition. The hospital stay, standard postnatal checks, and necessary neonatal care are covered by public health insurance. If your newborn requires intensive care or specialist treatment, this is also covered within the public system.

Postnatal care for the mother

Postnatal care focuses on your recovery and adjustment after birth. Coverage usually includes:

• Follow-up consultations with your GP, typically around 8 weeks after birth, to check your physical and mental health
• Support from midwives or nurses shortly after discharge, which may include phone consultations or home visits depending on local practice
• Assessment and treatment of complications such as infections, heavy bleeding, or postnatal depression

These services are covered by public health insurance when provided by your GP, midwife, or hospital. If you choose private postnatal services or private maternity hotels, these are usually not covered and must be paid out of pocket or via private insurance.

Child healthcare and health visitor services

Once your child is born and registered with a CPR number, they are entitled to a comprehensive child healthcare programme. This includes:

• Home visits by a municipal health visitor (public health nurse) during the first period after birth, focusing on the baby’s development, feeding, sleep, and parental wellbeing
• Scheduled check-ups at your GP at specific ages, where the child’s growth, motor skills, hearing, vision, and general health are assessed
• Guidance on nutrition, vaccinations, accident prevention, and child development

Health visitor services and GP check-ups for children are free for residents under the public system. You do not pay consultation fees for these services.

Vaccinations for children

Denmark offers a national childhood vaccination programme that is free for all children with public health insurance. The programme covers vaccines against diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal disease, measles, mumps, rubella, and HPV, according to the current national schedule.

Vaccinations under the official programme are administered by GPs or other authorised providers and are fully covered. If you request additional vaccines outside the national programme, you may need to pay for them yourself or use private insurance if available.

Specialist care and hospital treatment for children

If your child needs specialist assessment or hospital treatment, your GP or health visitor will refer you to the appropriate paediatric clinic or hospital department. Public health insurance covers:

• Consultations with paediatric specialists when referred by a GP
• Hospital admissions, surgery, and necessary diagnostic tests
• Rehabilitation and follow-up care prescribed by hospital specialists

There are no user charges for medically necessary hospital treatment for children in the public system. However, services such as private rooms, non-medical amenities, or treatment in private hospitals without a public agreement are generally not covered.

Maternity care for non-residents and visitors

Coverage for maternity and child healthcare depends on your residence status and the basis for your stay in Denmark:

• Residents with a CPR number and yellow health card are covered under the public system for pregnancy, childbirth, and child healthcare.
• EU/EEA citizens temporarily staying in Denmark may receive medically necessary maternity care with a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), but planned births and full prenatal programmes may not be fully covered without Danish residence.
• Non-EU visitors without Danish public health insurance usually need comprehensive private health insurance that explicitly covers pregnancy, childbirth, and care for the newborn, including possible complications and neonatal intensive care.

Private insurance policies often have waiting periods or exclusions for existing pregnancies, so it is important to check the terms carefully before arriving in Denmark.

Interaction with parental leave and benefits

While parental leave and cash benefits are not part of health insurance, they are closely linked to pregnancy and childbirth. Employees and self-employed persons who meet the contribution and employment conditions can receive parental benefits during maternity and paternity leave. These benefits are administered by Udbetaling Danmark and are separate from healthcare coverage, which remains free at the point of use for insured residents.

For families moving to or from Denmark, it is important to clarify the start and end of public health insurance coverage, register with the municipality promptly, and ensure there are no gaps in maternity or child healthcare coverage during the transition.

Access to specialists, referrals from a GP, and waiting time guarantees

Under the Danish public health insurance system, access to specialists is organised and financed through your general practitioner (GP). Understanding how referrals work and what waiting time guarantees you have helps you plan treatment and avoid unexpected gaps in care.

Access to specialists through your GP

Most public specialist treatment in Denmark requires a referral from your GP. This applies in particular to hospital outpatient clinics and most medical specialists in private practice who work under agreement with the public system. Your GP assesses your condition, initiates basic diagnostics and, if needed, issues an electronic referral to a relevant specialist or hospital department.

Without a GP referral, you normally have to pay the full cost yourself if you see a specialist privately, unless it is an emergency or a type of specialist that does not require a referral. The referral is linked to your CPR number and your yellow health card, so you do not need to bring any paper documents to the specialist or hospital.

Specialists you can access without a referral

Some types of healthcare providers can be consulted directly under the public scheme without a GP referral. In most cases, the public insurance covers part of the cost and you pay the remaining amount yourself. Examples include:

• dentists for adults (public subsidy is limited and depends on the treatment)
• chiropractors (a fixed public subsidy per consultation, you pay the rest)
• physiotherapists for certain conditions, if you have a GP referral; without a referral you pay the full price
• foot therapists (partial subsidy for specific medical indications, such as diabetes)
• psychologists in private practice for defined indications, but only with a GP referral if you want public subsidy

Eye specialists (ophthalmologists) can in some regions be accessed without a referral, while in others a GP referral is required for public coverage. Rules can differ slightly between regions, so it is advisable to check local information or ask your GP.

Choice of hospital and specialist

When you are referred to hospital treatment, you generally have free choice of public hospital anywhere in Denmark, as long as the hospital can provide the treatment you need. Your GP or the hospital will inform you about your options, and you can choose a hospital in another region if waiting times are shorter there.

If you are referred to a specialist in private practice under the public agreement, you can usually choose among specialists who have an agreement with the public system. However, for highly specialised treatment, referrals are often directed to specific university hospitals or specialised departments designated by the regions.

Waiting time guarantees for hospital treatment

Danish law provides a general waiting time guarantee for planned hospital treatment under the public system. As a rule, once the hospital has received your referral and confirmed that you need treatment, you must be offered an examination and, if relevant, treatment within a maximum of 30 days, provided that:

• the treatment is medically justified and part of the public health services, and
• it is possible to plan the treatment in advance (i.e. it is not emergency care).

If your region cannot offer you examination or treatment within 30 days at its own hospitals or at other public hospitals in Denmark, you normally gain the right to choose a private hospital or a hospital abroad that has an agreement with the Danish regions. In such cases, the public system covers the cost up to the agreed tariff, while you may have to pay for any extra services not covered by the agreement.

Shorter waiting time guarantees for serious conditions

For suspected cancer and certain serious heart diseases, there are stricter time limits. The public system must follow specific diagnostic and treatment pathways with shorter deadlines for:

• initial assessment and diagnostic tests after referral from your GP, and
• start of treatment once a diagnosis is confirmed.

The exact deadlines depend on the type of disease and clinical guidelines, but they are significantly shorter than the general 30-day guarantee. If the region cannot meet these deadlines, you may be entitled to treatment at a private hospital or in another EU/EEA country under special rules.

What is not covered by waiting time guarantees

The statutory waiting time guarantees apply to medically necessary hospital treatment. They do not normally cover:

• treatments that are considered cosmetic or non-essential
• services that are not part of the public health benefits package
• treatments that your doctor considers not medically indicated at the time

In such cases, you may still receive treatment in the public system, but without a legally guaranteed maximum waiting time. Alternatively, you can choose private treatment at your own expense or via private health insurance.

Using private health insurance to access specialists faster

Many employees in Denmark have supplementary private health insurance paid by their employer. These policies often give faster access to private specialists, diagnostic scans and elective surgery, without the need to wait for the public system. In most cases, you still need a referral from a GP or a doctor cooperating with the insurance company, but waiting times are typically shorter and appointments can be arranged directly through the insurer.

Private insurance does not replace your public health coverage. It is an add-on that can reduce waiting times for non-urgent treatment and give access to private hospitals and clinics that are not fully financed by the public system.

Practical tips for patients

To make effective use of your rights to specialist care and waiting time guarantees in Denmark:

• always contact your GP first for non-emergency health issues
• ask your GP to explain whether a referral is needed and what type of specialist is appropriate
• when you receive a hospital referral, ask about waiting times and your right to choose another hospital
• if you are not offered examination or treatment within 30 days, contact the regional patient guidance service to discuss options at private or foreign hospitals
• if you have private health insurance, inform your GP and check with your insurer how to use it for faster access

Understanding the referral system and your waiting time guarantees helps you navigate the Danish healthcare system more efficiently and ensures that you receive specialist treatment within the time limits set by law.

Emergency treatment, out-of-hours doctors, and ambulance services coverage

In Denmark, emergency medical treatment, out-of-hours doctors and ambulance services are part of the public healthcare system and are generally financed through taxes. If you are covered by the Danish public health insurance (yellow health card), you are entitled to acute treatment and medically necessary emergency care without paying at the point of use in most situations. However, there are important practical rules, co-payments in some cases and differences for visitors that you should be aware of.

Emergency treatment and hospital care

In life-threatening situations, you should call the national emergency number 112. This connects you to the emergency services (ambulance, police, fire brigade). Calls to 112 are free from Danish phones and foreign SIM cards. If you are taken to a public hospital for acute treatment, the examination and treatment are covered by the public health insurance for residents and for visitors who are entitled to care under EU/EEA rules or other international agreements.

Emergency departments (akutmodtagelse / skadestue) handle serious injuries, sudden severe illness, chest pain, breathing problems and other acute conditions. In most regions you must call a medical helpline before going to an emergency department, unless the situation is clearly life-threatening. For insured residents, there is no user fee for treatment in public emergency departments, including X-rays, blood tests and necessary procedures. Private hospitals and clinics may charge fees that are not covered by the public system unless you have a referral and a specific agreement applies.

Out-of-hours doctors and medical helplines

Outside normal GP opening hours, each region operates an out-of-hours medical service that you can contact by phone. The telephone number depends on the region where you are staying, and you will usually find it on your yellow health card or the website of your region. You must call first; you cannot simply show up without an appointment.

During the call, a doctor or specially trained nurse assesses your symptoms and decides whether you need telephone advice, a consultation at an out-of-hours clinic, a home visit or direct referral to hospital. For people covered by the Danish public health insurance, consultations and home visits arranged through the out-of-hours service are covered and you do not pay a consultation fee. Prescription medicines, however, are not free and are subject to the normal reimbursement rules and co-payments.

Out-of-hours services are intended for problems that cannot wait until your own GP is open, but which are not immediately life-threatening. Typical examples include high fever in children, acute infections, sudden but non-critical pain or worsening of a chronic condition.

Ambulance services and medical transport

Ambulance transport ordered via 112 in an acute, medically justified situation is covered by the public system for persons entitled to Danish health insurance. You do not pay a separate fee for the ambulance itself when it is dispatched as part of an emergency response. This applies both to transport from the scene of the incident to a public hospital and between public hospitals when medically necessary.

Non-acute patient transport, for example to planned hospital treatment or examinations, is only covered in specific situations. As a rule, you may be entitled to free or subsidised transport if your state of health means you cannot use public transport, or if the distance to the treatment place exceeds a certain number of kilometres set by the region. The exact rules and reimbursement rates differ slightly between regions, and you may need prior approval. If you do not meet the medical or distance criteria, you must pay for your own transport.

Coverage for tourists, posted workers and other visitors

Short-term visitors from EU/EEA countries and Switzerland can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access medically necessary emergency treatment on the same terms as Danish residents. This includes emergency hospital care, out-of-hours doctors and ambulance services when these are medically justified. You may still have to pay the same co-payments as Danish residents for medicines or other partially subsidised services.

Visitors from countries outside the EU/EEA who are not covered by a bilateral agreement with Denmark generally have to pay the full cost of treatment unless they are insured under a Danish scheme or a private travel insurance. Emergency treatment will be provided, but the hospital can issue an invoice for the actual costs of care and ambulance transport. These costs can be substantial, especially for intensive care or surgery, so comprehensive travel health insurance is strongly recommended.

Practical tips to avoid gaps in emergency coverage

Always carry your yellow health card if you are registered in Denmark, or your EHIC or private insurance card if you are a visitor. Check in advance which regional out-of-hours number applies where you live or stay, and save it in your phone. If you are an expatriate, posted worker, student or cross-border commuter, make sure your health insurance status in Denmark is clearly documented, as this determines whether emergency treatment and ambulance services will be billed to you or covered by the public system.

Health insurance when moving to or from Denmark (gaps in coverage and transitional rules)

When you move to or from Denmark, your access to public health insurance does not automatically follow you across borders. Understanding when your coverage starts and ends is essential to avoid gaps, especially if you are changing jobs, countries or residence status.

When does Danish public health insurance start?

In most cases, you become entitled to Danish public health insurance once you are registered as a resident in Denmark and receive a CPR number and yellow health card. For people moving from abroad, coverage usually starts from the date you are officially registered in the Danish Civil Registration System and assigned to a municipality. This date can be later than your physical arrival in Denmark, for example if you book your registration appointment after you move in.

If you are moving from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland and you are still covered by that country’s health insurance, you may be able to use your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or an S1 form to bridge the period until you are fully registered in Denmark. The EHIC only covers medically necessary treatment during a temporary stay, not planned treatment, and it does not replace the need to register for Danish health insurance when you become a resident.

Typical gaps in coverage when moving to Denmark

Short gaps in coverage can arise in several situations:

• There is a delay between your arrival in Denmark and your registration with the municipality and CPR office
• You arrive from a non-EU/EEA country where your previous public coverage ends on departure
• You change status in Denmark (for example from posted worker to resident, or from student to employee) and your basis for coverage changes

During such gaps, you may have to pay the full cost of treatment yourself if you need medical care. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to have private travel or health insurance that explicitly covers the period from your arrival in Denmark until your Danish health card is active. Many international insurers offer policies that can be extended or cancelled once you are fully covered in Denmark.

Moving from Denmark to another country

Your right to Danish public health insurance normally ends when you are no longer considered resident in Denmark or no longer subject to Danish social security rules. In practice, this is often the date when you deregister from the Civil Registration System (CPR) because you are moving abroad. From that date, you usually cannot use your yellow health card for treatment in Denmark or other countries.

If you move to another EU/EEA country or Switzerland and become insured there, you may be covered from the date you start working or are registered as a resident in the new country. However, the exact start date and conditions depend on that country’s rules. In some cases, you can use an S1 form issued by Denmark to register in the new country, for example if you receive a Danish state pension and live in another EU/EEA country.

When you move to a non-EU/EEA country, Danish public health insurance generally stops when you leave Denmark and deregister. You will then need to rely on the health system and insurance rules in your new country, or on private international health insurance, from your date of departure.

Short stays in Denmark after moving abroad

After you move your residence abroad and lose Danish health insurance, short visits to Denmark are usually treated as visits by a tourist. If you are insured in another EU/EEA country or Switzerland, you can normally use your EHIC from that country for medically necessary treatment during your stay in Denmark. Non-EU visitors should have adequate travel insurance, as they may be charged for treatment except in life-threatening emergencies.

Students, posted workers and cross-border situations

Special transitional rules can apply if you are a student, posted worker or cross-border commuter:

• Students who move to Denmark for a full study programme and register as residents usually gain access to Danish health insurance from the date of registration. Exchange students staying less than three months, or who are not registered as residents, may remain covered in their home country and should use an EHIC or private insurance.
• Posted workers sent to Denmark by an employer in another EU/EEA country or Switzerland are typically covered by the social security system of the sending country for a limited period, documented by an A1 certificate. They may receive treatment in Denmark on the basis of an EHIC or S1 form, rather than Danish residence-based coverage.
• Cross-border commuters who live in one EU/EEA country and work in Denmark are usually insured in the country of employment. In such cases, you may be entitled to a special health card or S1 registration that gives you access to healthcare both in Denmark and in your country of residence, but the details depend on your specific situation.

How to avoid being uninsured during a move

To reduce the risk of gaps in health insurance when moving to or from Denmark, it is important to plan ahead:

• Book your CPR and municipality registration appointment as soon as you know your move-in date
• Clarify with your current insurer exactly when your coverage ends and whether it continues for a short period after you leave
• Check whether you can use an EHIC, S1 or A1 form to bridge the transition between systems
• Arrange private travel or international health insurance that explicitly covers the period before and after your move, until you are certain that public coverage in the new country has started

For employees and self-employed persons, it is also important to coordinate the start and end dates of employment contracts, social security contributions and residence registration. This helps ensure that you remain covered either by Danish health insurance or by the system of another country, without uninsured gaps.

If you are unsure about your specific situation, it is advisable to contact your local municipality in Denmark, your foreign health insurance institution, or a professional advisor who can review your residence status, employment situation and applicable EU coordination rules.

Health insurance for cross-border commuters and remote workers linked to Denmark

Health insurance for cross-border commuters and remote workers connected to Denmark depends mainly on where you are socially insured under EU rules. In most cases, you are covered by the public health system of one country only, even if you live in one country and work in another.

Cross-border commuters working in Denmark

If you live in another EU/EEA country or Switzerland and work in Denmark as an employee, you are normally socially insured in Denmark. This means you are covered by the Danish public health insurance and pay for it through Danish taxes, not through separate health contributions.

As a cross-border commuter you usually:

• Remain registered for healthcare in your country of residence
• Obtain an S1 form (or equivalent) from Denmark and register it with the health authority in your country of residence
• Get access to full treatment in Denmark on the same terms as people living in Denmark, typically via a special health card or documentation issued by the Danish authorities

Your family members who do not work may be entitled to healthcare in the country of residence, financed by Denmark, once the S1 form is registered there. The exact rights of family members depend on the rules of the country of residence.

Remote workers and “work-from-anywhere” arrangements

Remote work can easily change where you are socially insured and which country is responsible for your public health coverage. Under EU coordination rules, you are generally insured in the country where you perform your work. If you:

• Work 100% remotely from Denmark for a foreign employer, you will often become socially insured in Denmark and be covered by Danish public health insurance once you are registered with the municipality and obtain a CPR number
• Live in another EU/EEA country but work substantially from Denmark (at least 25% of your working time or income in Denmark), you may be transferred to Danish social security and health insurance
• Work partly in Denmark and partly in another EU/EEA country, the competent institution decides which country’s social security rules apply, based on the main place of work and the 25% threshold

To avoid double insurance or gaps in coverage, many remote workers apply for an A1 certificate, which confirms which country’s social security – and therefore public health insurance – applies. Without an A1, both countries may claim contributions or refuse coverage.

Non-EU cross-border and remote workers

For non-EU/EEA and non-Swiss citizens, EU coordination rules do not automatically apply. Your health insurance situation depends on:

• Your residence and work permits
• Any bilateral social security agreements between Denmark and your country
• Where you are considered resident for social security purposes

If you live outside Denmark and work for a Danish employer as a non-EU remote worker, you are often not covered by Danish public health insurance. In these cases, you usually need private international health insurance or coverage in your country of residence. When you move to Denmark and obtain a residence permit that gives access to the public system, you can normally join Danish health insurance after municipal registration and allocation of a CPR number.

Practical steps to secure your coverage

To make sure you are properly insured as a cross-border commuter or remote worker linked to Denmark, you should:

• Clarify with your employer where you are socially insured and whether an A1 certificate is needed
• Check if you are entitled to an S1 form and register it in your country of residence if you live in one EU/EEA country and work in another
• Register with the Danish municipality and obtain a CPR number if you become socially insured in Denmark and move here
• Consider private health insurance to cover any gaps, especially during transitions, for non-EU situations, or when you are not yet entitled to Danish public health coverage

Because cross-border and remote work situations can be complex, it is often advisable to obtain written confirmation from the relevant social security institutions and, if needed, consult a tax and social security adviser familiar with Danish rules.

How health insurance contributions are financed through Danish taxes and what is free at the point of use

Denmark does not have a separate health insurance contribution like in many other European countries. Instead, the public healthcare system is financed almost entirely through general taxation. This means you do not pay a monthly health insurance premium to the state. Your access to doctors, hospitals and most healthcare services depends on your residence and registration in Denmark, not on separate health insurance payments.

The main sources of financing for the Danish health system are:

• state income tax and municipal income tax
• labour market contributions (AM-bidrag) paid by employees and the self-employed
• municipal block grants and equalisation schemes
• patient co-payments for certain services (for example dental care and physiotherapy)

How taxes finance Danish public health insurance

If you live and work in Denmark, you normally pay income tax on your salary and other taxable income. The exact rate depends on your income level and municipality, but the total effective tax on earned income (including labour market contribution) typically ranges from around 37% to 52% for most full-time employees. High-income earners pay an additional top-bracket tax once their personal income exceeds a specific annual threshold, which further increases their marginal tax rate.

Before income tax is calculated, 8% labour market contribution is deducted from your gross salary. This contribution is not earmarked solely for healthcare, but it is part of the overall tax-based financing of the Danish welfare system, including hospitals, GPs and specialist care. Municipalities receive funding from both local income tax and state transfers, and they are responsible for organising and paying for most healthcare services for residents registered in their area.

Because the system is tax-financed, you do not pay more for public healthcare if you use it often or have a chronic illness. Likewise, you do not pay less if you rarely see a doctor. The costs are spread across all taxpayers, and access is based on medical need rather than your individual contributions.

What is free at the point of use

For people covered by the Danish public health insurance (with a valid yellow health card), many services are free at the point of use, meaning you do not pay when you receive the treatment. The most important examples are:

• consultations with your registered general practitioner (GP), including most follow-up visits and referrals
• treatment by medical specialists when referred by your GP
• treatment and stays in public hospitals, including surgery and emergency care
• maternity care, childbirth in public hospitals and postnatal care
• child healthcare and vaccinations included in the national vaccination programme
• most services provided by public emergency rooms and acute care units

There is no deductible or user fee for these core services. You also do not pay extra for language interpretation in the healthcare system if you are entitled to it under current rules. The same applies to medically necessary hospital transport arranged by the region.

Services with partial co-payment

Some healthcare services are only partially covered by the public system, and you must pay a share of the cost yourself. Typical examples include:

• Prescription medicines: reimbursement is calculated per person per year and increases with your total annual spending on prescription drugs. At the lowest spending level, you receive a relatively small percentage reimbursement, which gradually rises as your annual medicine expenses increase. Children under 18 receive higher reimbursement rates for prescription medicines than adults.
• Dental care for adults: regular check-ups and basic treatments at private dentists are partly subsidised, but you pay a significant co-payment. More complex procedures, such as crowns or implants, are largely paid by the patient unless special subsidy schemes apply.
• Physiotherapy and chiropody: you can receive a public subsidy if you have a referral from your GP, but you still pay a user fee for each treatment session. For some chronic conditions and severe disabilities, the subsidy is higher.
• Psychological treatment: with a GP referral and for specific indications (for example certain anxiety disorders or depression), part of the fee for authorised psychologists is subsidised, and you pay the remaining amount yourself.
• Glasses and contact lenses: adults usually pay the full cost, while children and people with particular eye conditions can receive partial support.

These co-payments are not linked to your income tax level, but to the type of service and the reimbursement rules set by the Danish health authorities and regions. Private health insurance policies offered by employers or bought individually often cover some of these user fees or provide access to additional treatments.

What is not covered by public health insurance

Certain services fall completely outside the public health insurance and must be paid fully by the patient unless covered by private insurance. This typically includes:

• cosmetic surgery without medical indication
• most adult dental treatments beyond basic care and preventive services
• alternative and complementary therapies not recognised by the public system
• private hospital treatment chosen without a referral or outside the public waiting time guarantee
• non-medically necessary vaccinations (for example many travel vaccines)

If you choose to use private providers for services that are available in the public system, you normally pay the full cost yourself, unless you have a private health insurance that reimburses these expenses.

Why understanding the financing matters for foreigners in Denmark

For foreigners moving to Denmark, it is important to understand that your access to tax-financed healthcare depends on your residence status and registration with the Danish Civil Registration System (CPR). Once you are registered and receive your yellow health card, you are covered under the same tax-financed system as Danish citizens, regardless of your nationality. You do not need to sign a separate public health insurance contract or pay a specific health contribution.

However, if you are in Denmark for a short period, are not yet registered with a CPR number, or are covered by another country’s social security system, you may not have full access to the Danish tax-financed healthcare services. In such cases, you may need to rely on the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), private travel insurance or special agreements between Denmark and your home country.

Knowing which services are free at the point of use, which require co-payments and which are not covered at all helps you plan your budget, decide whether you need additional private insurance and avoid unexpected medical bills while living or working in Denmark.

Health insurance coverage in Denmark

In Denmark, health care is a basic right for both permanent residents and those who are there legally, such as through work. Those who are employed in Denmark during the course of their employment contract have the right to take advantage of basic medical care, which includes assistance in the event of an emergency, such as an accident or illness.

Preparing the required documents digitally before starting the paperwork is something you should definitely do. This can be done, for example, by scanning the documents in the traditional way or taking photos of them with a cell phone and then saving them on a computer or in the cloud in the format required for the application.

There is no need to send all the documents you obtained as part of your stay and work in Denmark. You only need to send a health insurance form or an EHIC card, if you have one. If you have only one of these documents, you do not need to send the decision or the A1 social security legislation certificate. The A1 document indicates the country in which you are covered by the social security system. If you are working in Denmark on behalf of a foreign employer, you can apply for an A1 certificate in your country of residence. If you work in more than one country at the same time, you should contact Udbetaling Danmark, which handles international social security.

If you are an adult who moved to Denmark after you turned 18, you will need to provide information regarding your health insurance and your country of origin, provided you meet one of the following criteria:

Your place of residence before coming to Denmark was in one of the EU, EEA or Switzerland.
2. You are a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland.

Similar requirements also apply to Danish citizens who have moved to Denmark from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland.

When completing the “Information on country of health insurance” form, you may be asked to attach additional documents, especially in the following situations:
- If you have been posted to Denmark from an EU/EEA country or Switzerland.
- When you are a student from abroad.
- If you plan to work in another EU/EEA country or Switzerland.
- If you are receiving unemployment benefits that come from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland.
- If you receive other benefits, such as sickness, maternity or pre-retirement benefits, from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland.
- If you are a pensioner receiving a pension exclusively from another EU/EEA country or Switzerland.

Even if you don't have all the required documents, you should still provide information about your health insurance country. In order to determine which country is to cover the costs of using the Danish health care system, Udbetaling Danmark must receive the relevant information. In some cases, according to European Union regulations, these expenses may be financed by another European country, known as your health insurance country, instead of Denmark. If you do not have complete documentation, you can provide it later by sending it to: Kongens Vænge 8, 3400 Hillerød.

Children under the age of 15 are automatically covered by health insurance, which is shared with their parents. Once they reach age 15, children switch to separate health insurance, independent of that of their parents.

Planning to stay in Denmark and want to take care of your health? Take advantage of our services that will help you obtain the necessary health care coverage. We will help you with the process of obtaining a yellow health card, explain how to use the EHIC card, and advise you on the Danish Særlige Sundhedskort card. We'll make it easy for you to figure out your health insurance in Denmark and take care of your health and safety.